Supporting nurses in primary health care

References

The 2025 APNA Workforce Survey (p.10)

  1. Australian Department of Health and Aged Care, Nursing Supply and Demand – 2023-2035, Department of Health, Disability and Ageing website, 4 March 2024, accessed 11 May 2026. 

 

Nicotine Knockout @ The Junction (p16)

  1. NSW Government, ‘HealthStats NSW: Vaping rates (daily or occasional)’, NSW Government website, May 2025, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. Lung Foundation Australia, ‘Vaping facts’, Lung Foundation Australia website, 7 March 2026, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing (DHDA), ‘About vaping and e-cigarettes’, DHDA website, 23 June 2025, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. NSW Government Centre for Population Health, ‘Guide to support young people to quit e-cigarettes’, NSW Health website, 27 September 2023, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. F Sitas and B Stewart, ‘Historical parallels between harms of tobacco and e-cigarettes’, Cancer Epidemiol, 2026, advance online publication, doi:10.1016/j.canep.2025.102941. 

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), ‘Alcohol, tobacco & other drugs in Australia’, AIHW website, 11 December 2025, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. National Asthma Council Australia, ‘The spirometry handbook for primary care: a guide to performing and interpreting spirometry for primary care health professionals’, National Asthma Council Australia website, 2023, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. E Banks, A Yazidjoglou, S Brown et al., ‘Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: systematic review of global evidence: Report for the Australian Department of Health’, National Health and Medical Research Council website, April 2022, accessed 24 April 2026. 

  1. Queensland Respiratory and Sleep Clinical Network, ‘E-cigarette and vaping cessation guide’, Queensland Health website, November 2024, accessed 24 April 2026.  

  1. B McGill, S Rose, C Watts et al., ‘ “We’ve seen it escalate – it’s a huge problem”: a mixed methods study of teachers’ perceptions of vaping in secondary schools’, Health Educ J, 2025, 84(7):722–736, doi:10.1177/00178969251334068. 

 

Designated registered nurse prescribing (p.20)

  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Patient experiences, ABS website, 18 November 2025, accessed 18 May 2026.  

  2. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), Registration standard: Endorsement for scheduled medicines - designated registered nurse prescriber, NMBA website, 30 September 2025, accessed 18 April 2026.  

  3. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), Fact sheet: Registration standard: Endorsement for scheduled medicines - designated registered nurse prescriber, NMBA website, 30 September 2025, accessed 18 April 2026.  

  4. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), Approved programs of study, AHPRA website, n.d., accessed 18 May 2026. 

  5. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), Guidelines for registered nurses applying for or with the endorsement for scheduled medicines – designated registered nurse prescriber, NMBA website, 30 September 2025, accessed 18 April 2026. 

  6. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), Registration standard: Professional indemnity insurance arrangements, NMBA website, 1 June 2016, accessed 20 May 2026.  

  7. J Follis and M Alegria, ‘RN prescribing: leveraging Choosing Wisely Canada for evidenced-based practice’, Canadian Nurse, 17 February 2026, accessed 18 April 2026. 

  8. M Gerdtz, ‘With extra study, nurses will be able to prescribe medications. Here’s what to expect’, The Conversation, 2 October 2025, accessed 18 April 2026.

 

Improving medicines use (p.26)

  1. Eczema Support Australia, Eczema in babies and children, Eczema Support Australia website, n.d., accessed 18 May 2026. 

  1. Medcast, Eczema care plan, Medcast website, n.d., accessed 5 May 2026. 

  1. Medcast, My gout plan, Medcast website, n.d., accessed 5 May 2026. 

  1. Arthritis Australia, ‘Gout Explained’ [video], YouTube, 13 May 2025, accessed 18 May 2026.  

  1. Medcast, Decision aid: minding your mental wellbeing, Medcast website, n.d., accessed 5 May 2026.  

  1. APNA, Nursing Australia, APNA website, n.d., accessed 5 May 2026. 

 

Prevention in practice (p.32)

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Diet, AIHW website, 17 June 2024, accessed 2 April 2026. 

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Physical activity, AIHW website, 17 June 2024, accessed 2 April 2026. 

  1. AJ Hayes, JP Carrello, PJ Kelly, A Killedar and LA Baur, ‘Looking backwards and forwards: tracking and persistence of weight status between early childhood and adolescence’, Int J Obes, 2021, 45(4):870–878, doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00751-3. 

  1. LM Wen, C Rissel, H Xu et al., ‘Effects of telephone and short message service support on infant feeding practices, “tummy time,” and screen time at 6 and 12 months of child age: a 3-group randomized clinical trial’, JAMA Pediatr, 2020, 174(7):657–664, doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0215. 

  1. M Zheng, AJ Cameron, CS Birken, C Keown-Stoneman, R Laws, LM Wen and KJ Campbell, ‘Early infant feeding and BMI trajectories in the first 5 years of life’, Obesity, 2020, 28(2):339–346, doi:10.1002/oby.22688. 

  1. KD Hesketh, J Salmon, SA McNaughton et al., ‘Long-term outcomes (2 and 3.5 years post-intervention) of the INFANT early childhood intervention to improve health behaviors and reduce obesity: cluster randomised controlled trial follow-up’, Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2020, 17(1):95, doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00994-9. 

  1. B Hill, X de la Piedad Garcia, JA Rathbone et al., ‘Supporting healthcare professionals to reduce weight stigma’, Aust J Gen Pract, 2024, 53(9):682–685, doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-23-6906. 

  1. M Gooey, D Dutch, E House and K West, ‘Embedding child health promotion and preventive care within primary health care: from agenda to action’, Health Promot J Austr, 2025, 36(2):e70027, doi:10.1002/hpja.70027. 

 

Caring beyond the skin tear (p.38)

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Older Australians, AIHW website, 2 July 2024, accessed 17 April 2026.  

  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Population projections Australia 2017 to 2066: Population aged over 85 to double in the next 25 years, ABS website, 22 November 2018, accessed 17 April 2026. 

  1. A Kaya, HB Vuagnat and G Kaya, ‘Dermatoporosis: Clinical features, molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets—A literature review’, J Wound Manag, 2022, 23(3), doi: 10.35279/jowm2022.23.03.08.  

  1. K LeBlanc, K Campbell, D Beeckman et al., Best practice recommendations for the prevention and management of skin tears in aged skin, 2nd edn, Wounds International, London, 2025.  

  1. H Van Tiggelen and D Beeckman, ‘Skin tears anno 2022: an update on definition, epidemiology, classification, aetiology, prevention and treatment’, J Wound Manag, 2022, 23(2):38–47, doi:10.35279/jowm2022.23.02.09.  

  1. H Van Tiggelen, D Beeckman, et al. ‘Development and psychometric testing of the OASES instrument for skin tear knowledge’, Int Wound J, 2021, 18(4):466–475.

 

When ACC meets OZ-ABCD (p.44)

  1. AJ Cross, M Chaudhry, D Goordeen et al., ‘Development of a high-risk medication list for Australian residential aged care: a modified Delphi study’, Australas J Ageing, 2026, 45(1):e70141, doi:10.1111/ajag.70141. 

 

 

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